Childcare Institutions and JJ ACT -2015" delves into the critical intersection of child protection systems and the rising challenges of juvenile delinquency in India. Designed to serve vulnerable and at-risk children, childcare institutions (CCIs) play a pivotal role in rehabilitation, education, and social reintegration. This book explores the historical evolution and institutional framework of CCIs, tracing their roots from colonial-era reformatories to present-day structures under the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act,2015. Through a focused lens, the book critically examines how policy mandates—such as the Integrated Child Protection Scheme (ICPS) and the Juvenile Justice Act,2015—have influenced the functioning and effectiveness of these institutions. It investigates the socio-economic and psychological factors contributing to juvenile delinquency and evaluates how CCIs respond to these complex challenges. Using 10 Indian states as a case study, the book provides a ground-level analysis of the operational dynamics within childcare institutions. It highlights the lived realities of children in conflict with the law and in need of care and protection, drawing from empirical insights to assess institutional practices, staff capacity, and reintegration mechanisms.